Intelligence da fonti aperte, monitoraggio dei diritti umani e dei crimini di guerra nel contesto della Guerra Russo-Ucraina.

Abstract

La tesi evidenzia casi in cui OSINT, IMINT e GEOINT hanno facilitato operazioni umanitarie, denunciato crimini di guerra e persino influenzato tattiche sul campo di battaglia, sottolineando il loro potenziale per mitigare la sofferenza e promuovere la responsabilità. Esaminando le migliori pratiche e le metodologie emergenti, la tesi esplora il modo in cui queste sfide vengono affrontate per migliorare l'integrità e l'affidabilità delle intuizioni derivate dall'intelligence. Questa esplorazione mira a spiegare come sfruttare queste fonti di intelligence in modo efficace, trasformando le informazioni in prove credibili e utilizzabili che possono assicurare alla giustizia gli autori di crimini di guerra e i loro complici.

The full-scale extension of military operations in Ukraine by the aggressive Russian Federation forces marks a distinctive chapter in this long-standing armed confrontation, characterized by the ubiquity of digital information and its widespread influence on both the battlefield and the humanitarian and legal response. This thesis focuses on the evolving roles of Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) and Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) in exposing humanitarian crises and war crimes within this volatile environment. Through a comprehensive literature review, the dissertation examines how OSINT and IMINT enable diverse actors – from journalists and aid organizations to noncombatants to gain critical insights and react amidst the fog of war. Drawing upon prominent academic works and real-time reports of the conflict, the research assesses the multifaceted utilities of these intelligence sources. This includes their ability to track troop movements, monitor human rights violations, verify information, and inform strategic decision-making. The thesis highlights cases in which OSINT, IMINT and GEOINT have facilitated humanitarian operations, exposed war crimes, and even influenced battlefield tactics, underscoring their potential to mitigate suffering and promote accountability. By scrutinizing best practices and emerging methodologies, the thesis explores how these challenges are being confronted to enhance the integrity and reliability of intelligence-derived insights. This exploration aims to explain how to harness these intelligence sources effectively, transforming insights into credible and actionable proof that can bring war crime perpetrators and their enablers to justice.